Тема: «Lexical and grammatical transformations in translation» (ID:23796)

INTRODUCTION 3
Chapter I. ADEQUACY OF translation 4
1.1. translation EQUIVALENCE 4
1.2. ASPECTS OF TRANSLATING PROCESS 10
Chapter II. translation transformations 18
2.1. translation transformations AT MORPHOLOGICAL LEVEL 18
2.2. GRAMMAR transformations AT SYNTACTIC LEVEL 21
Conclusions 26
Literature 28

Введение 3
Глава 1 Адекватность перевода 4
1.1. Эквивалентность перевода 4
1.2. Аспекты переводческого процеса 11
Глава 2. Трансформации при переводе. 20
2.1. Преобразования при переводе на морфологическом уровне. 20
2.2 Грамматические преобразования на синтаксическом уровне. 23
Вывод 28
Список использованной литературы 30

INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………….3
CHAPTER 1. CAUSES and WAYS OF BORROWING
1.1. Classification of loan words in English …………………………5
1.2. Borrowings of different historical periods ………………………8
CHAPTER 2. ASSIMILATION OF LOAN WORDS
2.1. Phonetic, grammatical and Lexical assimilation of borrowings.. 14
2.2. Interrelation between native and borrowed elements ………….18
CONCLUSIONS ………………………………………………………………..21
LIST OF LITERATURE ………………………………………………………23

Content

Introduction 2
1. The Role of Article in Language 3
1.1. The notion of article 3
1.2. The Logics of the Articles 4
1.3. Definite Article the 5
1.3.1. Etymology 5
1.3.2. Usage of the definite articles 6
1.3.2. Reduction and omission 9
1.4. Indefinite Article 10
1.4.1. Juncture loss 10
1.4.2. Discrimination between a and an 11
1.5. Usage of the Articles 12
2. Ways of Translating English Articles into Ukrainian 16
2.1. translation transformations as the means of rendering the meaning 16
2.2. The correlation of the articles functions and the type of transformation. 19
2.3. translation of articles with the proper names. 22
Conclusions 24
List of Literature 26
Іllustrations 28

Введение
1. Роль артикля в языке
1.1. Понятие артикля
1.2. Суть артикля
1.3. Определенный артикль
1.3.1. Этимология
1.3.2. Использование определенных артиклей
1.3.2. Сокращение и опущение
1.4. Неопределенный артикль
1.4.1. Потеря связки
1.4.2. Различия между a and an
1.5. Использование артиклей
1.2. Особенности перевода английских артиклей на украинский язык
Заключение

INTRODUCTION 3
CHAPTER I 7
translation and COMMUNICATION 7
1.1. Some principal types of translation. 7
1.2. translation as a means of interlingual communication. 11
CHAPTER II 15
translation AS INTERCULTURAL and ITERLINGUAL COMMUNICATION 15
2.1. translation as intercultural communication. 15
2.1. translation as interlingual communication. 20
CONCLUSION 26
LITERATURE 28

ВВЕДЕНИЕ 7
ГЛАВА I 13
ПЕРЕВОД И КОММУНИКАЦИЯ 13
1.1. Некоторые основные виды перевода. 13
1.2. Перевод как средства межъязыковой коммуникации. 18
ГЛАВА II 22
ПЕРЕВОД, КАК МЕЖКУЛЬТУРНАЯ И МЕЖЪЯЗЫКОВАЯ КОММУНИКАЦИЯ 22
2.1. Перевод как межкультурная коммуникация. 22
2.1. Перевод как межъязыковая коммуникация. 27
ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ 33

Introduction 3
Chapter I. The Main Characteristics of Word-Croups 4
1.1. Structure and Classification of Word-Croup 4
1.2. Motivated and non-motivated word-groups. 5
Chapter II. Types of Meaning of Word-Croups 7
2.1. Types of Meaning of Word-Croups 7
2.2. Lexical and grammatical meaning of word-groups 8
Chapter III. Free Word-groups and Phraseological Units 12
3.1. The Main differences Between Free Word-Groups and Phraseological Units 12
3.2. Different Classifications of Phraseological Word-Groups 19
Conclusions 28
Bibliography 30

Introduction…………………………………………………………………….
2

Chapter 1. The word as the basic unit of language…………………………….

Chapter 2. The meaning of the word ………………………………………….. 4

7
2.1. grammatical meaning of the word…………………………………. 8
2.2. Lexical meaning of the word………………………………………..
2.2.1. Denotational and Connotational meaning of the word ….....
2.2.2. Parf-of-Speech Meaning …………………………………..
2.2.3. Emotive Charge …………………………………………...
2.2.4. Stylistic Reference ………………………………………...
2.2.5. Emotive Charge and Stylistic Reference ………………….

Chapter 3. Word meaning and motivation ……………………………………
Chapter 4. Word meaning and morphemes …………………………………... 9
10
10
11
12
14

15
19

Conclusions ……………………………………………………………………
22

References ……………………………………………………………………..
24

Введение …………………………………………………………………….
2

Глава 1. Слово как основная единица языка ……………………………….

Глава 2. Значение слова ………….………………………………………….. 4

7
2.1. Грамматическое значение слова ………………………………. 9
2.2. Лексическое значение слова …………………………………..
2.2.1. Денотативное и коннотативное значение слова ……...
2.2.2. Значение «части речи»…………………………………..
2.2.3. Эмоциональная окраска ………………………………...
2.2.4. Стилистическая ценность ..……………………………..
2.2.5. Эмоциональная окраска и стилистическая связь ….….

Глава 3. Значение слова и мотивация ……………………………………
Глава 4. Значение слова и морфемы ...…………………………………... 9
11
11
12
13
15

16
20

Выводы…..……………………………………………………………………
23

Список использованной литературы ……………………………………..
25

Foreword 3
Chapter I. ARTICLE - AS A grammatical PHENOMENON. 5
1.1. Number and meaning of articles. 5
1.2. The use of the indefinite article a (an) 9
1.3. The use of the definite article the. 12
1.4. The use of zero article or the meaningful absence of the article 14
Chapter II. LEXICO-GRAMATICAL ASPECT OF THE translation OF ARTICLES 17
2.1. Rendering of the contextual meaning of the definite and indefinite articles 17
2.2. Contextual meanings of the definite article. 20
2.3. Contextual meanings of the indefinite article. 22
Conclusion. 26
Literature. 28

Plan.



Introduction. P.3

Chapter I
Dialectics of national coloring in the translation. P.5

Chapter II
Coloring and erasure of coloring. P.13

Chapter III
Analogisms and anachronisms. P.22

Conclusion. P.24

Bibliography. P.26

Appendix. P.28

INTODUCTION 3
Part 1. NOTION OF THE ENGLISH VERB 5
1.1 Verb as a part of speech in English ……………………………………...5
1.2. grammatical categories of the modern English verb 6
Part 2. VERB CLASSES IN MODERN ENGLISH 8
2.1. Structural types of the English verbs 8
2.2. Functional types of the English verb 10
2.3. Classes of notional verbs 12
2.3.1. Types of verbs according to the subject-predicate relations 12
2.3.2. Aspective types of the English verbs 14
2.3.3. Distributional verbal types 16
2.4. Problem of allocating the verbs to the definite classes 19
CONCLUSIONS 21
BIBLIOGRAPHY 23

Subject of the present investigation is the English verb.
Object is its typological classes
Goal of this paper is to investigate the main typological classes of the English verb and to distinguish their peculiarities. This goal led to solving the number of definite tasks:
- to define the verb as part of speech;
- to describe it from the point of view of its categories;
- to distinguish its formal, semantic and functional types in the English language;
- to analyze their typical features.
Our course paper consists of an introduction, two main parts with subparts, conclusions and bibliography.
The introduction defines the topicality of the research, subject and object, formulates its goal and tasks.
The first part – “Notion of the English verb” – provides the main notions about the verb, defines it as a part of speech and reviews its categorical characteristics.
The second part – “Verb classes in modern English” deals with the typological classification of English verbs form the point of view of their form, morphological structure, semantics, Lexical meaning and function
The conclusions infer certain final results of the research.

CONTENTS

Survey of certain historical facts 3
Structural elements of borrowings 7
Why Are Words Borrowed? 8
Do Borrowed Words Change or
do They Remain the Same? 8
International Words 9
Etymological Doublets 10
translation-Loans 10
Are Etymological and Stylistic Characteristics of Words Interrelated? 10